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◦ One ethnic group —97% Khampa Tibetan
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◦ One language, Khampa Tibetan
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◦ Almost total illiteracy in the Tibetan language
◦ Poverty: about ¥1RMB/day income (15¢ US).
◦ Rural/agricultural based: nomadic yak herders, farmers, and monastics.
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◦ No public transportation, no individual ownership of cars, trucks.
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◦ Traditional. Majority nomadic yak herders and farmers. Equal number before 1959 were
monastics.
◦ Spiritual. Only one religion — Tibetan Buddhism. Support monasteries, although there is a small
yogic population.
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◦ Low-status of women and girls.
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◦ Free medical care appeals to culture based on generosity as its core value
the last 10 years alone.
clinic.
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◦ Doctors who are local highly trained Khampa Tibetans, who speak read and write the local
language
◦ Ceiling-level KPIs that focuses on mother and child health
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◦ Free treatment/free meds
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◦ Low per-patient costs
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◦ High patient satisfaction
◦ Cooperation with Public Health Service
since 1990:
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◦ Construction of the clinic (1992)
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◦ KAP mass-data public health study (2005)
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◦ Creation of Corps of 40 Community Health Workers (2006)
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◦ Post Earthquake Partnership to export Surmang Model of Rural Health as a Sustainable
Prototype. (2010)
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◦ Rural Health Festival (2011)